Example entry · the project / process layer

TU-Braunschweig 3DCP Buildings → Open3DCP

A catalogue of as-built printed buildings — not mixes, not strengths. It lights up a different slice of the digital twin: the project/process layer the connective schema has to reach next. The missing materials data is the whole point.

storable · CC BY 4.0 3D-printed buildings · Source: Zenodo · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.14214812 · provenance · attribution

1 · Native structure

Storage medium: a single flat table (.xlsx), one row per built project, 22 project/process categories. ~175 projects (2013–2023) in the source; a 10-record, landmark excerpt is committed here.

Source field (data class)	Role in the digital twin
Year · Country · City	when / where (provenance)
Project Consortium · Building Company	who (provenance)
Printer · Printer Type	process — the printing system
Fabrication / Printing Strategy	process — off-site vs in-situ, segmentation
Storeys · Square Meter · Purpose · Type of Building	the as-built artefact
(no mix, rheology, or strength fields)	— absent by design —

Why this matters even with no materials data. Open3DCP's flat schema is mix-centric, so almost none of these project fields has a typed home today — they are curated as named project-layer columns + provenance, with no fidelity score. That gap is the signal: a full digital twin must link the as-built project (this layer) to the mixes (UCI / Meta) and the prints (UF / RILEM). No single source spans all three; the union does.

2 · The landmark records (excerpt)

Project	Year	Country	Consortium	System	Strategy	Storeys
The Office of the Future	2016	UAE	WinSun	—	Off-site	1
3D Printed House	2017	Russia	Apis Cor	Apis Cor	In-situ · one go	1
The BOD	2017	Denmark	COBOD	BOD 1	Off-site · one go	1
Patchogue, NY	2019	USA	SQ4D	ARCS	In-situ · one go	1
Dubai Municipality	2019	UAE	Apis Cor	Apis Cor	In-situ · flexible	2
World's first 3DP community	2019	Mexico	ICON · New Story	Vulcan II	In-situ · one go	1
World's first 3DP school	2020	Malawi	14trees · PERI · Holcim	COBOD BOD 2	In-situ · one go	1
KIEM (C3PO)	2020	Belgium	Kamp C	COBOD BOD 2	In-situ · h. segmentation	2
Community First! — Homes	2020	USA	ICON	Vulcan II	In-situ · one go	1
The Fibonacci House	2020	Canada	Twente AM	—	Off-site · wall	1.5

Full file: tu-braunschweig-buildings.open3dcp.csv.

3 · Result in Open3DCP

project layer · no mix score is_3d_printed is set; everything else is a project/process-layer field recorded as named columns + provenance. No fidelity score — this is a layer beyond the current flat mix schema, not a lossy mix conversion. A future Open3DCP project/process table would type these fields and link them to the mixes and prints used.

Digital-twin coverage

Provenance✓

Mix design▢

Rheology▢

3DCP process◐

Hardened mech.▢

Multi-age▢

Durability▢

Environment▢

Only provenance and (partial) process are populated — the rest is the layer the next schema version will reach. The empty cells are the roadmap, not a failure.

4 · How this was built

python build/extract.py "Database_3D-printed-buildings.xlsx"
# → tu-braunschweig-buildings.open3dcp.csv  (project/process-layer records; no mix score)

A sample, not a re-host. Source © G. Placzek, TU Braunschweig, CC BY 4.0 (data collection: M. Dahlberg) — see NOTICE. Get the full catalogue from the DOI.